chancetyvek5014

Living in natural environment, plants often suffer from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Phosphate deficiency is a common factor affecting crop production in field, while pathogen invasion is another serious problem. Here we report that Pi-deficient cotton plants exhibit enhanced resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Transcriptomic and histochemical analysis revealed that cotton phenylpropanoid pathway was activated under phosphate deficiency, including lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis. Metabolomic data showed that Pi-deficient cotton accumulates many flavonoids metabolites and displays obvious anti-fungi activity in terms of methanolic extract. Additionally, JA biosynthesis was activated under phosphate deficiency and the Pi-deficiency induced disease resistance was significantly attenuated in GhAOS knock down plants. Taken together, our study demonstrated that phosphate deficiency enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae through activating phenylpropanoid pathway and JA biosynthesis, providing new insights into how phosphate deficiency affects plant disease resistance.The screening of 862 T-DNA lines was carried out to approach the genetic dissection of indirect adventitious organogenesis in tomato. Several mutants defective in different phases of adventitious organogenesis, namely callus growth (tdc-1), bud differentiation (tdb-1, -2, -3) and shoot-bud development (tds-1) were identified and characterized. The alteration of the TDC-1 gene blocked callus proliferation depending on the composition of growth regulators in the culture medium. Calli from tds-1 explants differentiated buds but did not develop normal shoots. Histological analysis showed that their abnormal development is due to failure in the organization of normal adventitious shoot meristems. Interestingly, tdc-1 and tds-1 mutant plants were indistinguishable from WT ones, indicating that the respective altered genes play specific roles in cell proliferation from explant cut zones (TDC-1 gene) or in the organization of adventitious shoot meristems (TDS-1 gene). Unlike the previous, plants of the three mutants defective in the differentiation of adventitious shoot-buds (tdb-1, -2, -3) showed multiple changes in vegetative and reproductive traits. Cosegregation analyses revealed the existence of an association between the phenotype of the tdb-3 mutant and a T-DNA insert, which led to the discovery that the SlMAPKKK17 gene is involved in the shoot-bud differentiation process.Glutamine plays a critical role in ammonium assimilation, and contributes substantially to the taste and nutritional quality of tea. To date, little research has been done on glutamine synthesis in tea plants. Here, a zinc finger protein CsDOF and a glutamine synthetase (GS)-encoding gene CsGS2 from tea plant (Camellia sinensis cv 'Shuchazao') were characterized, and their role in glutamine biosynthesis was determined using transient suppression assays in tea leaves and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression patterns of CsDOF and CsGS2, the GS activity and the glutamine content of photosynthetic tissues (leaf and bud) were significantly induced by shade. Suppressing the expression of CsDOF resulted in downregulated expression of CsGS2 and reduction of the leaf glutamine content. Moreover, in CsDOF-silenced plants, the expression of CsDOF and the glutamine content under shade treatment were higher than in natural light. The glutamine content and CsGS2 transcript level were also decreased in tea leaves when CsGS2 was suppressed, while they were higher under shade treatment than in natural light in CsGS2-silenced plants. In addition, the glutamine content and GS2 transcript level were increased when CsDOF and CsGS2 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. In binding analyses, CsDOF directly bound to an AAAG motif in the promoter of CsGS2, and promotes its activity. The study shed new light on the molecular mechanism by which CsDOF activates CsGS2 gene expression and contributes to glutamine biosynthesis in tea plants.Brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant growth and development, as well as in responses to abiotic stresses. The BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) families of transcription factors have been elucidated largely in Arabidopsis and rice but not in other plant species. Here, we studied the functional characterization of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) BZR homolog gene, SlBZR1, in BR-regulated plant growth and tolerance to salt stress. SlBZR1 was highly expressed in the flowers and developing fruits of tomato. Both SlBZR1 and SlBZR1D (proline to leucine mutation at the 239th amino acid of SlBZR1) were transcriptional repressors and localized in the nucleus. SlBZR1 or SlBZR1D could interact with SlMYB30, SlMYBL2, SlPIF4, SlHAT1, SlIWS1 and SlREF6 in tomato. Overexpression of SlBZR1D enhanced the BR response and improved tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis, consistent with the phenotype of the Arabidopsis bes1-D mutant. Moreover, SlBZR1D-overexpressing tomato lines showed a short plant height, smaller and curly leaves, and delayed flowering. Additionally, SlBZR1D positively regulated salt tolerance in tomato and upregulated the expression of multiple stress-related genes. Our study provides new insights for understanding the function and mechanism of BZR transcription factors in BR-regulated plant growth and abiotic stress responses.Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of GhNAC4, a NAC transcription factor from cotton, was induced by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying ABA and stress response of GhNAC4. Overexpression of GhNAC4 in transgenic tobacco conferred tolerance to salinity and drought treatments with associated enhanced expression of several stress-responsive marker genes. GhNAC4 is a protein that is translocated to the nucleus where it exhibits transcriptional activation property and also forms homo-dimers. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly3023414.html In this study, we also investigated the domains essential for the biochemical functions of GhNAC4. We developed transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the GhNAC4 NAC-domain and the transcriptional regulatory (TR) domain separately. NAC-domain transgenics showed hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA while TR-domain transgenics exhibited reduced sensitivity. Abiotic stress assays indicated that transgenic plants expressing both the domains separately were more tolerant than wild type plants with the NAC-domain transgenics showing increased tolerance as compared to TR-domain transgenics.