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To compare the safety and efficacy of edoxaban combined with P2Y12 inhibition following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). In this pre-specified sub-analysis of the ENTRUST-AF PCI trial, participants were randomly assigned 11 to edoxaban- or vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-based strategy and randomization was stratified by ACS (edoxaban n = 388, VKA n = 389) vs. CCS (edoxaban n = 363, VKA = 366). Participants received edoxaban 60 mg once-daily plus a P2Y12 inhibitor for 12 months, or VKA combined with a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin 100 mg (for 1-12 months). The primary bleeding endpoint at 12 months occurred in 59 (15.2%) vs. 79 (20.3%) ACS patients [hazard ratio (HR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-1.02, P = 0.063], and in 69 (19.0%) vs. 73 (19.9%) CCS patients (HR 0.94, 95%CI 0.68-1.31, P = 0.708) with edoxaban- and VKA-based therapy, respectively [P for interaction (P-int) = 0.2741]. The main secondary endpoint (composite of CV death, myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic embolic events, or definite stent thrombosis) in ACS patients was 33 (8.5%) vs. 28 (7.2%) (HR 1.16, 95%CI 0.70-1.92), compared with 16 (4.4%) vs. 18 (4.9%) (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.47-1.78) CCS patients with edoxaban and VKA-based therapy, respectively (P-int = 0.5573). In patients with AF who underwent PCI, the edoxaban-based regimen, as compared with VKA-based regimen, provides consistent safety and similar efficacy for ischaemic events in patients with AF regardless of their clinical presentation.In patients with AF who underwent PCI, the edoxaban-based regimen, as compared with VKA-based regimen, provides consistent safety and similar efficacy for ischaemic events in patients with AF regardless of their clinical presentation.Quantifying responses of three congeneric species of lady beetles, Hippodamia parenthesis (Say), Hippodamia convergens (Guerin), and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae), to abiotic factors that influence their seasonal biology provides an understanding of the phenology of these species in North America. The developmental response and the induction and duration of adult hibernal diapause in four North American populations of H. parenthesis, collected between 40° N and 44° N latitude, was determined when beetles were reared at four photoperiods (LD 168, 1410, 12;12, and 1014) at 22°C. Preimaginal development of the four H. parenthesis populations reared at the photoperiods was affected by population, photoperiod, and the interaction between population and photoperiod. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bb-94.html Fifteen to 19% of H. parenthesis females reared at LD 168 entered diapause, whereas shorter photoperiods (LD 1212 and 1014) induced diapause in all females. Variation in response to LD 1410 was observed among the four populations of H. parenthesis, similar to the response observed in H. convergens and H. variegata. In contrast to the response of H. parenthesis females, in which four individuals oviposited at LD 1212 or 1014 within 120 d, the duration of reproductive diapause in H. convergens and H. variegata females at LD 1212 and 1014 showed a prolonged quantitative response to photoperiod. Comparisons of the responses (days to first oviposition) to photoperiod of H. parenthesis and H. variegata from the same collection sites showed significant differences at most photoperiods. Similarly, responses at all photoperiods varied between H. parenthesis and H. convergens from similar latitudes in Iowa. To develop quality indicators (QIs) that may be used to evaluate the quality of care and outcomes for adults with atrial fibrillation (AF). We followed the ESC methodology for QI development. This methodology involved (i) the identification of the domains of AF care for the diagnosis and management of AF (by a group of experts including members of the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force for AF); (ii) the construction of candidate QIs (including a systematic review of the literature); and (iii) the selection of the final set of QIs (using a modified Delphi method). Six domains of care for the diagnosis and management of AF were identified (i) Patient assessment (baseline and follow-up), (ii) Anticoagulation therapy, (iii) Rate control strategy, (iv) Rhythm control strategy, (v) Risk factor management, and (vi) Outcomes measures, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). In total, 17 main and 17 secondary QIs, which covered all six domains of care for the diagnosis and management of AF, were selected. The outcome domain included measures on the consequences and treatment of AF, as well as PROMs. This document defines six domains of AF care (patient assessment, anticoagulation, rate control, rhythm control, risk factor management, and outcomes), and provides 17 main and 17 secondary QIs for the diagnosis and management of AF. It is anticipated that implementation of these QIs will improve the quality of AF care.This document defines six domains of AF care (patient assessment, anticoagulation, rate control, rhythm control, risk factor management, and outcomes), and provides 17 main and 17 secondary QIs for the diagnosis and management of AF. It is anticipated that implementation of these QIs will improve the quality of AF care.In May, this journal published an opinion piece by one of the members of the Editorial Board, Dr. Harvey Risch, that reviewed several papers and argued that using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) + azithromycin (AZ) early to treat symptomatic COVID-19 cases in high-risk patients should be broadly applied. As members of the journal's editorial board, we are strongly supportive of open debate in science, which is essential even on highly contentious issues. However, we must also be thorough in our examination of the facts and open to changing our minds when new information arises. In this commentary, we document several important errors in the manuscript by Dr. Risch, review the literature he presented and demonstrate why it is not of sufficient quality to support scale up of HCQ+AZ, and then discuss the literature that has been generated since his publication, which also does not support use of this therapy. Unfortunately, the current scientific evidence does not support HCQ+AZ as an effective treatment for COVID-19, if it ever did; and even suggests many risks.