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#author("2024-12-07T07:25:01+09:00","","") a3n, Pnpla3, Slc2a4, and Serpina12 were validated to be upregulated in catch-up pups and related to visceral fat expansion and metabolic parameters. Profiling and validation of these dysregulated genes in visceral adipose tissue could help develop novel strategies to prevent the metabolic abnormalities associated with catch-up growth. Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a major cause of long-term neurodevelopmental disability in neonates. We evaluated the ability of serially measured biomarkers of brain injury to predict adverse neurological outcomes in this population. Circulating brain injury biomarkers including BDNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, Tau, GFAP, and NRGN were measured at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of cooling from 103 infants with NE undergoing TH. The biomarkers' individual and combinative ability to predict death or severe brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes beyond 1 year of age was assessed. Early measurements of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, 8, and 10 within 24 HOL (AUC = 0.826) and late measurements of Tau from 72 to 96 HOL (AUC = 0.883, OR 4.37) were accurate in predicting severe brain injury seen on MRI. Late measurements of Tau were predictive of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes (AUC = 0.81, OR 2.59). Tau was consistently a predictive marker for brain injury in neonates with NE. However, in the fire more predictive of brain injury by MRI than each cytokine alone. Individually, Tau was overall most consistently predictive of adverse neurological outcomes, particularly when measured at or after rewarming. Neonatal stroke affects 1 in 2800 live births and is a major cause of neurological injury. https://www.selleckchem.com/HIF.html The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is critical for central nervous system (CNS) development and has neuroprotective and reparative effects in different CNS injury models. Previous studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of small molecule Shh-Smoothened agonist (SAG) against neonatal cerebellar injury and it improves Down syndrome-related brain structural deficits in mice. Here we investigated SAG neuroprotection in rat models of neonatal ischemia-reperfusion (stroke) and adult focal white matter injury. We used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion at P10 and ethidium bromide (EB) injection in adult rats to induce damage. Following surgery and SAG or vehicle treatment, we analyzed tissue loss, cell proliferation and fate, and behavioral outcome. We report that a single dose of SAG administered following neonatal stroke preserved brain volume, reduced gliosis, enhanced oligodendrocyte progenitor ceviously shown in animal models of Down syndrome and cerebellar injury. Sonic hedgehog agonist is one of the most promising therapies in treating neonatal stroke thanks to its safety profile and low dosage. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect associated with high perinatal mortality and long-term morbidity. The etiology of CDH is poorly understood although abnormal retinoid signaling has been proposed to contribute to abnormal diaphragm development. Existing epidemiological data suggest that inadequate dietary vitamin A intake is a risk factor for developing CDH. Using a mouse model of teratogen-induced CDH, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that low maternal vitamin A intake contributes to abnormal diaphragm development. To test this hypothesis, we optimized a model of altered maternal dietary vitamin A intake and a teratogenic model of CDH in mice that recapitulates the hallmark features of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia in humans. Our data uniquely show that low maternal dietary vitamin A intake and marginal vitamin A status increases the incidence of teratogen-induced CDH in mice. Low dietary vitamin A intake and marginal vitamin A status lead to a study supports the Retinoid Hypothesis, which posits that the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is linked to abnormal retinoid signaling in the developing diaphragm. Propranolol (antagonist of β -/β -AR but minimally active against β -AR) is currently the first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IH). Its efficacy is attributed to the blockade of β -AR. However, its success rate is ~60%. Considering the growing interest in the angiogenic role of β -ARs, we evaluated a possible relationship between β -AR expression and response to propranolol. Fifteen samples of surgical biopsies were collected from patients with IH. Three were taken precociously from infants and then successfully treated with propranolol (responder group). Twelve were taken later, from residual lesions noncompletely responsive to propranolol (nonresponder group). A morphometrical analysis of the percentage of β -, β -, and β -ARs positively stained area was compared between the two groups. While no difference was found in both β - and β -AR expression level, a statistically significant increase of β -AR positively stained area was observed in the nonresponder group. Although the o its ability to block β2-ARs. However, β3-ARs (on which propranolol is minimally active) were significantly more expressed in hemangioma biopsies taken from patients nonresponsive to propranolol. This study suggests a possible role of β3-ARs in hemangioma pathogenesis and a possible new therapeutic target.During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, there has been a need to develop surge capacity. Since the disease is uncommon in children, working on a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) has required an expansion of roles and responsibilities outside established confines. The most drastic change in practice involved having to care for both critically ill adults and children side by side on the PICU. Redeployment to work on an adult critical care unit as required was similarly momentous. Based on our experience of managing this surge in one of the UK's worst hit tertiary hospitals, we are sharing our reproducible approaches that benefitted trainees. This will be relevant to paediatricians globally who are assisting in critical care strategies and future pandemic planning.
