#author("2024-08-11T02:30:05+09:00","","")
Here, we report transcriptomes of two recently described, enigmatic, anaerobic protists from the genus Anaeramoeba.5 Using phylogenomic analysis, we show that these species represent a divergent, phylum-level lineage in the tree of metamonads, emerging as a sister group of the Parabasalia and reordering the deep branching order of the metamonad tree. Metabolic reconstructions of the Anaeramoeba MROs reveal many "classical" mitochondrial features previously not seen in metamonads, including a disulfide relay import system, propionate production, and amino acid metabolism. Our findings suggest that the cenancestor of Metamonada likely had MROs with more classical mitochondrial features than previously anticipated and demonstrate how discoveries of novel lineages of high taxonomic rank continue to transform our understanding of early eukaryote evolution. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations have higher cigarette smoking rates than heterosexual populations. The tobacco industry has leveraged LGB, gender, and racial or ethnic identities to establish cigarette brand preference. We examined cigarette brand use among smokers by sexual orientation and the implications of gender and race or ethnicity for brand use. We used the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; 2015-2017) to conduct weighted bivariate analyses in 2019-2020 of the prevalence of 5 commonly used cigarette brands among adult smokers (N = 24,310) by sexual orientation. We conducted weighted regressions to test relationships between sexual orientation and brand use and interactions between sexual orientation, gender (defined in NSDUH as male or female), and race or ethnicity. LGB smokers were more likely to use Camel (lesbian/gay, OR = 1.7 [95% CI, 1.2-2.3], bisexual, OR = 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5-2.2]) and American Spirit cigarettes (lesbian/gay, OR = 2.8 [95% CI, 1.9-4.1], bisexual, OReference. Future research could examine specific contributors to brand use among LGB smokers (eg, tobacco marketing).In two co-related studies about Two-spirit people in Atlantic Canada, the coming out stories share critical cultural perspectives about gender identity and sexuality from a L'nuwey (Mi'kmaw) perspective. This qualitative research implemented Etuaptmumk or Two-Eyed Seeing, a co-learning methodology using Indigenous and western perspectives for data collection and analysis. The findings surface stories about resiliency among Two-spirit people who face distress and anxiety, with supports mainly coming from family and community. According to their narratives, coming out is part of their cultural awakening process. The paper shares that Two-spirited people come out in intervals or phases, especially trans people. Sexuality and gender identity development are in flux until they reach a balanced and spiritual state. The Two-spirit identity process is non-linear that may evolve in a life cycle. The study captures the ongoing resurgence of regional Indigenous perspectives of gender identity and sexuality. The narratives share the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual states of Two-spirit people during their coming out process. The stories are a source of hope and empowerment for the Two-spirit community relating to gender and sexuality. This study is the only current community-based evidence about coming out experiences of Two-spirit people in Atlantic Canada. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are multifactorial events that may be influenced by morphometric parameters. Associations between primary ACL injuries or graft ruptures and both femoral and tibial bony risk factors have been well described in the literature. To determine values of femoral and tibial bony morphology that have been associated with ACL injuries in a reference population. Further, to define interindividual variations according to participant demographics and to identify the proportion of participants presenting at least 1 morphological ACL injury risk factor. Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Computed tomography scans of 382 healthy participants were examined. The following bony ACL risk factors were analyzed notch width index (NWI), lateral femoral condylar index (LFCI), medial posterior plateau tibial angle (MPPTA), and lateral posterior plateau tibial angle (LPPTA). The proportion of this healthy population presenting with at least 1 pathological ACL injury risk faired to confirm the validity of previously described morphological risk factors and to define which participants may be at risk of primary ACL injury and reinjury after surgical reconstruction.The precise definition of bony anatomic risk factors for ACL injury remains unclear. Based on published thresholds, 15% to 62% of this reference population would have been considered as being at risk. Large cohort analyses are required to confirm the validity of previously described morphological risk factors and to define which participants may be at risk of primary ACL injury and reinjury after surgical reconstruction.While U.S. public health education increasingly promotes community-based participatory research (CBPR) as a mode of socially-responsive research, today's intertwined health and social injustice crises demand honest reckoning with the limitations of CBPR as a framework for change. We are a team of students, fellows, and faculty reflecting on the complexities encountered over three years of collaborative work with street-based sex worker activists, in a city characterised by stark wealth disparities reinforced by policies of the university within which we operate. We centre a peer-based needs assessment survey and report on barriers to resources and services for sex workers to highlight hard choices and often unacknowledged challenges to academic partnerships. Our process intends to unsettle the too-sanguine narratives of CBPR, draw from insights arising in the discipline of law, and illuminate practices needed to honour commitments, translate knowledge to power-shifting action, and constructively engage with those most affected in determining the policies that structure their lives.We ask Can our privileged position within the academy be usefully analysed, confronted, instrumentalised, and even subverted as we shape new practices and interventions in the name of health justice? How might we imagine principles and practices towards a movement public health?Background Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods In the multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial REDUCE-IT, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy endpoint (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy endpoint (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The present analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of CABG. Results Of the 8,179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1,837 (22.5%) had a history of CABG, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl andassociated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events.Mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MesoMT) is one of the crucial mechanisms underlying pleural fibrosis, which results in restrictive lung disease. DOCK2 plays important roles in immune functions, however, its role in pleural fibrosis particularly MesoMT remains unknown. We found that DOCK2 and the MesoMT maker α-SMA were significantly elevated and colocalized in the thickened pleura of patients with nonspecific pleuritis, suggesting the involvement of DOCK2 in the pathogenesis of MesoMT and pleural fibrosis. Likewise, data from three different pleural fibrosis models (TGF-β, carbon black/bleomycin, and streptococcal empyema) consistently demonstrated DOCK2 upregulation and its colocalization with α-SMA in the pleura. In addition, induced DOCK2 colocalized with the mesothelial marker calretinin, implicating DOCK2 in the regulation of MesoMT. Our in vivo data also showed that DOCK2 knockout mice were protected from Streptococcus pneumoniae induced pleural fibrosis, impaired lung compliance, and collagen deposition. To determine the involvement of DOCK2 in MesoMT, we treated primary human pleural mesothelial cells with the potent MesoMT inducer TGF-β. TGF-β significantly induced DOCK2 expression in a time-dependent manner, along with α-SMA, collagen 1, and fibronectin. Furthermore, DOCK2 knockdown significantly attenuated TGF-β induced α-SMA, collagen 1 and fibronectin expression, suggesting the importance of DOCK2 in TGF-β induced MesoMT. DOCK2 knockdown also inhibited TGF-β induced Snail upregulation, which may account for its role in regulating MesoMT. Taken together, the current study provides evidence that DOCK2 contributes to the pathogenesis of pleural fibrosis by mediating MesoMT and deposition of neomatrix and may represent a novel target for its prevention or treatment. This study evaluated if passive controlled hyperthermia heat acclimation (HA) modulates cognitive performance during passive heat stress. Eight healthy adults (25 ± 4 years) underwent 7 consecutive days of hot water immersion (core temperature ≥38.6°C) and a 7-day time-control period. On days 1 and 7 of HA, participants performed a digital Stroop test at baseline, when core temperature reached 38.6°C, and after 60 minutes at a core temperature ≥38.6°C to evaluate reaction time during tasks targeting processing speed (reading and counting) and executive functions (inhibition and switching). On days 1 and 7 of the time-control intervention, participants performed the Stroop test with equivalent amounts of time separating each task as for HA. During day 1 of HA, reaction time was quicker during the reading (-44 ms [-71, -17], P<0.01) and counting (-39 ms [-76, -2], P=0.04) tasks when rectal temperature reached 38.6°C, but after a further 60 minutes of heat exposure, reaction time only remained quicker das unaffected by HA.During uncompensable occupational heat stress, heat-mitigation controls are required to prevent core temperature exceeding recommended limits (≥38°C). However, the initial stay time before employing controls remained unknown. We estimated these times for moderate-intensity work at 26, 28, 30, and 32°C wet-bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) in 50 young (18-30 years) and older (50-70 years), non-heat acclimatized men. Initial stay time was 111 min at 26°C WBGT and declined exponentially to 44 min at 32°C WBGT. Novelty point • We provide estimates of the moderate-intensity work duration before heat-mitigation is required in wet-bulb globe temperatures between 26-32°C for young and older, non-heat acclimatized men.Immunopathology occurs in the lung and spleen in fatal COVID-19, involving monocytes/macrophages and plasma cells. Anti-inflammatory therapy reduces mortality but additional therapeutic targets are required. We aimed to gain mechanistic insight into COVID-19 immunopathology by targeted proteomic analysis of pulmonary and splenic tissues. Lung parenchymal and splenic tissue was obtained from 13 post-mortem examinations of patients with fatal COVID-19. Control tissue was obtained from cancer resection samples (lung) and deceased organ donors (spleen). Protein was extracted from tissue by phenol extraction. Olink® multiplex immunoassay panels were used for protein detection and quantification. Proteins with increased abundance in the lung included MCP-3, antiviral TRIM21 and pro-thrombotic TYMP. OSM and EN-RAGE/S100A12 abundance was correlated, and associated with inflammation severity. Unsupervised clustering identified 'early viral' and 'late inflammatory' clusters with distinct protein abundance profiles, and differences in illness duration prior to death and presence of viral RNA.
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