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#author("2024-12-07T08:04:28+09:00","","") The cartilage frame was further filled/dispensed with transforming growth factor-β1 loaded collagen I hydrogel to form the cartilage module. Although the continuously constructed osteochondral scaffolds had distinct microscopic morphologie. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.The geometry and stiffness of a vessel are pertinent to blood dynamics and vessel wall mechanical behavior and may alter in diseased conditions. Ultrasound-based ultrafast Doppler (uDoppler) imaging and shear wave imaging (SWI) techniques have been extensively exploited for the assessment of vascular hemodynamics and mechanics. Their performance is conventionally validated on vessel-mimicking phantoms (VMPs) prior to their clinical use. Compared with commercial ones, customized VMPs are favored for research use because of their wider range of material properties, more complex lumen geometries, or wall structures. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique with plastic filaments is a promising method for making VMPs with a complex vessel lumen. However, it may require a toxic solvent or a long dissolution time currently. In this paper, we present a safe, efficient and geometrically flexible method where FDM 3D printing with a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament is exploited to fabricate a of the proposed method for a complex lumen geometry. The proposed fabrication method for customized VMPs is foreseen to facilitate the development of ultrasound imaging techniques for blood vessels. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Ti-6wt%Al-4wt%V (Ti64) is an α +β titanium alloy, in which the alloying components strongly affect the mechanical properties. In this report, element partitioning effects in Ti64 are investigated by using the first-principles phase field (FPPF) method, which has recently been proposed by our group. In the FPPF method, the local free energy is calculated using cluster expansion method in combination with density functional theory and the temperature effect is incorporated using potential renormalization theory. We have succeeded in identifying enrichment of Al (V) in the α (β) phase, i.e., the clear evidence for the element partitioning effects of Al and V, without using any thermodynamical parameter. The transformation of the β phase and the α phase in microstructure is investigated by varying the V and Al concentration by a small amount. Our results are in excellent agreement with the recent experimental results, showing the validity of the FPPF method for ternary alloys. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Topological materials are quantum materials with nontrivial ground-state entanglement that are irremovable so long as certain rules, like invariance under symmetries and the existence of an energy gap, are respected. They showcase unconventional properties like robust anomalous surface states and quantized physical responses. The intense research efforts in understanding topological materials result in a modernized perspective on the decades-old theory of symmetry representations in electronic band structures, and inspire the development of general theories that enable the efficient diagnosis of topological materials using only symmetry data. One example is the theory of symmetry indicators of band topology, which is the focus of this topical review. We will aim at providing a pedagogical introduction to the key concepts and constructions in the theory, alongside with a brief summary of the latest development. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Amorphous metals display an extraordinary mechanical strength and elasticity and can at the same time be formed like thermoplastic polymers. These properties make them the ideal material for industrial applications where complex parts have to withstand high mechanical loads. In this work, the thermoplastic formability of amorphous metals is evaluated and discussed in connection to their thermophysical properties. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Fasudil-HCl(HA-1077).html Formability is experimentally assessed in thermoplastic deformation experiments with a constant heating rate, and in isothermal experiments. The results are compared to the theoretical formability values calculated from the thermophysical material properties and found to perfectly coincide. The formability of amorphous alloys can be reliably calculated based on a viscosity measurement in the supercooled liquid region. In isothermal experiments, the maximum formability is obtained at the highest temperatures where crystallization can still be avoided. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone predominantly produced by the anterior pituitary and is essential for normal growth and metabolism. The GH locus is comprised of five evolutionarily related genes under the control of an upstream locus control region that coordinates tissue-specific expression of these genes. Compromised GH signalling and genetic variation in these genes has been implicated in various disorders including cancer. We hypothesised that polymorphisms within the GH locus have the potential to impact on disease phenotypes by altering or disrupting gene regulation. We used the CoDeS3D algorithm to analyse 529 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the GH locus. This algorithm identifies colocalised Hi-C and eQTL associations to determine which SNPs are associated with a change in gene expression at loci that physically interact within the nucleus. 181 common SNPs were identified that interacted with 292 eGenes across 48 different tissues. 145 eGenes were regulated in trans. eGenes were found to be enriched in GH/GHR-related cellular signalling pathways including MAPK, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, ErbB and insulin signalling. Enrichment was also observed in the Wnt and Hippo signalling pathways, and in pathways associated with hepatocellular, colorectal, breast and non-small cell lung carcinoma. 33 eQTL SNPs identified in our study were found to be of regulatory importance in a genome-wide Survey of Regulatory Elements reporter screen. Our data suggests that regions within the GH locus form regulatory hubs for multiple genes in cis and trans, many of which may be involved in modulating GH function in normal and pathogenic states.
