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Retrospective cohort study. To investigate the prognosis of symptomatic pseudarthrosis observed at 1 year after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgery and to analyze the risk factors for persistent pseudarthrosis for 2 years postoperatively. Few papers have evaluated the prognosis of symptomatic pseudarthrosis following LLIF surgery. One hundred fifty-two patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were screened. Fusion status was assessed at 1 year postoperatively, and unfused segments were re-evaluated at 2 years postoperatively. Dynamic X-rays and CT images were acquired to evaluate the fusion status. Demographic data were evaluated to identify the risk factors associated with persistent pseudarthrosis. Clinical outcomes, including the visual analog scale (VAS) for back/leg pain and the Oswestry disability index (ODI), were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Symptomatic pseudarthrosis was detected in 42 patients at 1 year postoperatively. Among them, 23 patienf Evidence 4.It is not necessary to intervene for all patients in whom symptomatic pseudarthrosis is detected at 1 year postoperatively because only 11.9% of them will show persistent symptomatic pseudarthrosis. However, early revision surgery should be considered when severe symptomatic pseudarthrosis associated with diabetes, smoking, and fusion at more than 3 levels is present.Level of Evidence 4. A consecutive series of patients who underwent minimally invasive spinal surgery by a single surgeon at a high-volume academic medical center were studied. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence, radiographic features, and clinical characteristics of patients who require unplanned secondary decompressive laminectomy or foraminotomy after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). LLIF indirectly decompresses the spinal canal, lateral recess, and neural foramen when properly performed. However, indirect decompression relies on endplate integrity, reasonable bone quality, and sufficient contralateral release so that ligament distraction can occur. Some patients have insufficient decompression, resulting in persistent axial low back pain or radiculopathy. Patients undergoing LLIF for radiculopathy or refractory low back pain were enrolled in this prospective registry. Preoperative and postoperative imaging, clinical presentation, and operative reports were reviewed from this registry. one primary LLIF, and the persistent radiculopathy was consistently contralateral to the initial side of the LLIF approach.Level of Evidence 4.We report a 4.1% rate of return to the operating room for failed indirect decompression following after LLIF for refractory radiculopathy. Graft subsidence and osteoporosis were common in these patients. All 5 patients who required secondary decompressive laminectomy or foraminotomy underwent stand-alone primary LLIF, and the persistent radiculopathy was consistently contralateral to the initial side of the LLIF approach.Level of Evidence 4. Retrospective review of a prospectively enrolled multicenter Adult Spinal Deformity (ASD) database. Investigate invasiveness and outcomes of ASD surgery by frailty state. The ASD Invasiveness Index incorporates deformity-specific components to assess correction magnitude. Intersections of invasiveness, surgical outcomes, and frailty state are understudied. ASD patients with baseline and 3-year (3Y) data were included. Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between increasing invasiveness and major complications or reoperations and meeting minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures at 3Y. Decision tree analysis assessed invasiveness risk-benefit cut-off points, above which experiencing complications or reoperations and not reaching MCID were higher. Significance was set to p &lt; 0.05. Overall, 195/322 patients were included. Baseline demographics age 59.9 ± 14.4, 75% female, BMI 27.8 ± 6.2, mean Charlson Comorbidity Index 1.7 ± 1.7. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fluzoparib.html Surglications or reoperations and not meeting MCID at 3Y.Level of Evidence 3.Increasing invasiveness is associated with increased odds of major complications and reoperations. Risk-benefit cut-offs for successful outcomes were 79.3 for NF, 111 for F, and 53.3 for SF patients. Above these, increasing invasiveness has increasing risk of major complications or reoperations and not meeting MCID at 3Y.Level of Evidence 3. Sequencing and experimental analysis of the expression profile of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (LFH). The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between LFH and non-hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (LFN) tissues from lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patients. Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) can cause LSS. circRNAs are important in various diseases. However, no circRNA expression patterns related to LF hypertrophy have been reported. A total of 33 patients with LSS participated in this study. LF tissue samples were obtained when patients underwent decompressive laminectomy during surgery. The expression profile of circRNAs was analyzed by transcriptome high throughput sequencing and validated with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed for the differentially expressed circRNA-associated genes and related pathways. The connections between circRNAs antients, and demonstrated that hsa_circ_0052318 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LF hypertrophy.Level of Evidence N/A.This study identified circRNA expression profiles characteristic of hypertrophied LF in LSS patients, and demonstrated that hsa_circ_0052318 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LF hypertrophy.Level of Evidence N/A. The aim of this study is to describe "2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery" for involutional entropion. This study was a retrospective single-surgeon case series. Patients who underwent different entropion surgeries were reviewed. Patients with involutional entropion were divided into 3 groups according to the type of surgery performed by a single surgeon 2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery; transconjunctival retractor reinsertion; or transcutaneous retractor reinsertion. Patients were followed up to 35 months after the surgery. Operation time, complications, and success were compared between groups. Sixty-six lower eyelids of 60 patients were evaluated. The recurrence was 7.7% in the transcutaneous group, was 5.9% in the 2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery group, and was 5.3% in the transconjunctival group. The total chance of success in 24-month period was 94.7% in the transconjunctival approach group, was 94.1% in the 2-paired mini-incisional entropion surgery group, and was 92.3% in the transcutaneous group.

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